Ứng dụng Grammar vào Speaking – Unit 7: The Environment (Ngữ pháp: Subject + Verb Agreement)

I. Luyện nói Part 1

1. Do you think pollution is a big problem nowadays?

Các bạn hãy sử dụng các từ vựng gợi ý để trả lời các câu hỏi dưới đây trước nhé!

Từ vựng gợi ý:

country (n): đất nước

to be affected by sth: bị ảnh hưởng bởi cái gì

to a certain extent: tới 1 mức độ nhất định

pollution (n): ô nhiễm

to increase considerably: tăng một cách đáng kể

industrialization (n): sự công nghiệp hóa

developing countries: các nước đang phát triển

a serious problem: một vấn đề nghiêm trọng

Yes, definitely. Every country in the world is now affected by pollution to a certain extent. I think the amount of pollution has increased considerably over the last few decades due to industrialization, and the types of pollution have also become more varied, especially in developing countries. So to me, pollution is undoubtedly a serious problem right now.

2.  Do you or your family take steps to help the environment?

Từ vựng gợi ý:

aware (of sth) (adj): ý thức được về việc gì

environmental protection: sự bảo vệ môi trường

limit (v): hạn chế

plastic (n): chất dẻo

by bus: bằng xe buýt

mode of transport: loại phương tiện giao thông

environmentally-friendly (adj): thân thiện với môi trường

I’m proud to say that each member of my family is aware of environmental protection. For example, both my family and I try to limit our use of plastic whenever possible. Also, I often go to school by bus because this mode of transport is more environmentally-friendly.

3. Have you ever participated in any environmental events?

Từ vựng gợi ý:

take part in sth: tham gia vào cái gì

tree-planting week: tuần lễ trồng cây

residents (n): cư dân

neighborhood (n): khu xóm

join (v): tham gia 

take care of sth: chăm sóc

existing trees: các cây đang được trồng sẵn

environmentally responsible: có trách nhiệm với môi trường

Yes, definitely. Last year I took part in a tree-planting week  in my hometown. All residents in my neighborhood joined this event. We either planted new trees or took care of existing ones. Everyone had a good time together and all of us became more environmentally responsible after the event. 

II. Luyện nói Part 2

Part 2: Describe a polluted place.

You should say:

  • What the place is
  • What type of pollution it is/ are
  • Cause and effect of pollution

and explain how this pollution can be controlled.

Từ vựng gợi ý:

polluted places: địa điểm ô nhiễm

environmental problems: các vấn đề về môi trường

observe (v): quan sát

air pollution: ô nhiễm không khí

water pollution: ô nhiễm nước

reason (n): lí do

private vehicles: phương tiện cá nhân

emit (v): thải ra

exhaust fumes: khí thải

pollute (v): làm ô nhiễm

suffer seriously: bị ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng

atmosphere (n): bầu không khí

breathe in: hít vào

contaminated air: không khí ô nhiễm

dump (v): đổ (rác thải, nước thải…)

raw sewage: chất thải chưa qua xử lý

underwater creature (n): sinh vật dưới nước

measures (n): giải pháp

public transport: phương tiện giao thông công cộng

punish (v): xử phạt

educate (v): giáo dục 

effective (adj): hiệu quả

Well, one of the most polluted places in Vietnam that I know is definitely Hanoi, so I wanna talk about this place. I’ve been living there for more than four years, and there are many environmental problems that I can observe, but I guess the major ones are air pollution and water pollution. 

There are many reasons for such pollution. Firstly, people in Hanoi mostly travel by private vehicles, such as cars or motorbikes. These vehicles often emit a huge amount of exhaust fumes, polluting the atmosphere. As a result, humans’ health can suffer seriously because they have to breathe in contaminated air every day. Secondly, either local people or factories often dump garbage into rivers, which leads to the death of many fish and other underwater creatures.

I think some measures can be taken to improve the situation. The first one is that people should be encouraged to use public transport more frequently. This way, the levels of exhaust emission will decrease. Besides, the government needs to punish individuals or companies that cause water pollution. Last but not least, another effective solution is educating people about the importance of protecting the environment.

III. Tổng kết ngữ pháp + luyện nói lần 2

Hãy xem lại tổng kết ngữ pháp trong các sample phía trên và luyện nói lại các câu hỏi một lần nữa. 

Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ – động từ đã được sử dụng trong một số câu sau:

  • Pollution is undoubtedly a serious problem right now. 
  • Besides, the government needs to punish individuals or companies that cause water pollution.

This/That, These/Those đã được sử dụng trong câu sau:

  • I often go to school by bus because this mode of transport is more environmentally-friendly. 
  • These vehicles often emit a huge amount of exhaust fumes, polluting the atmosphere. 

Both/Either/Neither như là chủ ngữ đã được sử dụng trong câu sau:

  • For example, both my family and I try to limit our use of plastic whenever possible.
  • Secondly, either the locals or factories often dump garbage into rivers, which leads to the death of many fish and other underwater creatures.

Each, every đã được sử dụng trong một số câu sau:

  • Every country in the world is now affected by pollution to a certain extent.
  • I’m proud to say that each member of my family is aware of environmental protection. 

Các cụm từ định lượng (Quantifying expressions) đã được sử dụng trong một số câu sau:

  • I think the amount of pollution has increased considerably over the last few decades due to industrialization, especially in developing countries.
  • The types of pollution have also become more varied.